Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Sorafenib treatment of metastatic melanoma with c-Kit aberration reduces tumor growth and promotes survival

doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.13089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sorafenib inhibits the viability, migration and invasion of melanoma cells with c-Kit aberration. (A) B16BL6 and MeWo cells were treated with sorafenib (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 µM), and cell viability was determined via trypan blue. The number of viable cells (unstained) and dead cells (stained) was counted using a haemocytometer. (B) B16BL6 and MeWo cells were treated with sorafenib (0.5, 1, 5 and 10 µM), and the migrated cells were measured in Falcon cell culture inserts. (C) B16BL6 and MeWo cells were treated with sorafenib (0.5, 1, 5 and 10 µM), and the invaded cells were measured in Falcon cell culture inserts with Matrigel. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs. control.

Article Snippet: Materials For the in vitro studies, sorafenib (Funakoshi, Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 20 mM (stock solution at −20°).

Techniques: Migration, Staining, Cell Culture, Control

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Sorafenib treatment of metastatic melanoma with c-Kit aberration reduces tumor growth and promotes survival

doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.13089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sorafenib inhibits c-Kit, PDGFR, VEGFR, B-Raf and c-Raf signaling pathways of melanoma cells with c-Kit aberration. B16BL6 cells were treated with sorafenib (0.5, 1, 5 and 10 µM), and the expression levels of p- and total c-Kit, PDGFR, VEGFR, B-Raf, c-Raf, ERK, Akt, STAT3, NF-κB and p38 proteins were analyzed via western blotting. β-actin was used as internal control. All determinations made in western blotting were from three different experiments. p-, phosphorylated; PDGFR, platelet derived growth factor receptor.

Article Snippet: Materials For the in vitro studies, sorafenib (Funakoshi, Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 20 mM (stock solution at −20°).

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Derivative Assay

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Sorafenib treatment of metastatic melanoma with c-Kit aberration reduces tumor growth and promotes survival

doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.13089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sorafenib decreases the mRNA expression and enzymatic activities of MMPs of melanoma cells with c-Kit aberration. B16BL6 cells were treated with sorafenib (0.5, 1, 5 and 10 µM). mRNA expression levels of (A) MMP-1, (B) MMP-2, (C) MMP-9 and (D) MMP-14 were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. (E and F) MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was measured using assays for collagenase activity. (G) Expression level of MMP-14 was analyzed via western blotting. β-actin was used as internal control. All determinations made in western blotting were from three different experiments. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs. control.

Article Snippet: Materials For the in vitro studies, sorafenib (Funakoshi, Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 20 mM (stock solution at −20°).

Techniques: Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Activity Assay, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Sorafenib treatment of metastatic melanoma with c-Kit aberration reduces tumor growth and promotes survival

doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.13089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sorafenib decreases the mRNA and protein expression levels of VLAs in melanoma cells with c-Kit aberration. B16BL6 cells were treated with sorafenib (0.5, 1, 5 and 10 µM). mRNA expression levels of (A) VLA-1, (B) VLA-2, (C) VLA-3, (D) VLA-4, (E) VLA-5 and (F) VLA-6 were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs. control. (G) Protein expression levels of VLA-1, VLA-2, VLA-3, VLA-4, VLA-5 and VLA-6 were analyzed via western blotting. β-actin was used as internal control. All determinations were made in western blotting from three different experiments. VLA, very late antigen.

Article Snippet: Materials For the in vitro studies, sorafenib (Funakoshi, Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 20 mM (stock solution at −20°).

Techniques: Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Western Blot

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Sorafenib treatment of metastatic melanoma with c-Kit aberration reduces tumor growth and promotes survival

doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.13089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sorafenib treatment has a significant effect on overall survival in mice by inhibiting metastasis and tumor growth in vivo. (A) B16BL6 cells were inoculated into the right hind footpad of mice. The tumor in the footpad was excised surgically and treated with sorafenib (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg). The number of metastatic nodules in the lungs were counted. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of two independent experiments (n=10). (B) B16BL6 cells were inoculated into the right hind footpad of mice and treated with sorafenib (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg). Tumor volume was measured daily using calipers. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of two independent experiments (n=9). *P<0.05 vs. control. (C) B16BL6 cells were injected into tail vain of mice and treated with sorafenib (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg). Data are presented as the mean ± SD of two independent experiments (n=10; P<0.05, log-rank test).

Article Snippet: Materials For the in vitro studies, sorafenib (Funakoshi, Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 20 mM (stock solution at −20°).

Techniques: In Vivo, Control, Injection

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Sorafenib treatment of metastatic melanoma with c-Kit aberration reduces tumor growth and promotes survival

doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.13089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sorafenib inhibits the expression of p-c-Kit, p-PDGFR, p-VEGFR, p-B-Raf and p-c-Raf in vivo. B16BL6 cells were inoculated into the right hind footpad of mice and treated with sorafenib (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg). After 21 days, the mice were sacrificed, and the right footpads were harvested. The expression levels of p- and total c-Kit, PDGFR, VEGFR, B-Raf and c-Raf were analyzed via western blotting. β-actin was used as internal control. All determinations were made in western blotting from three different experiments. p-, phosphorylated; PDGFR, platelet derived growth factor receptor.

Article Snippet: Materials For the in vitro studies, sorafenib (Funakoshi, Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 20 mM (stock solution at −20°).

Techniques: Expressing, In Vivo, Western Blot, Control, Derivative Assay

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Sorafenib treatment of metastatic melanoma with c-Kit aberration reduces tumor growth and promotes survival

doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.13089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sorafenib decreases the mRNA expression of MMPs in vivo. B16BL6 cells were inoculated into the right hind footpad of mice, and treated with sorafenib (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg). After 21 days, the mice were sacrificed, and the right footpads were harvested. The mRNA expression levels of (A) MMP-1, (B) MMP-2, (C) MMP-9 and (D) MMP-14 were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs. control.

Article Snippet: Materials For the in vitro studies, sorafenib (Funakoshi, Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 20 mM (stock solution at −20°).

Techniques: Expressing, In Vivo, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Sorafenib treatment of metastatic melanoma with c-Kit aberration reduces tumor growth and promotes survival

doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.13089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sorafenib decreases the mRNA expression of VLAs in vivo. B16BL6 cells were inoculated into the right hind footpad of mice, and treated with sorafenib (10, 30 and 50 mg/kg). After 21 days, the mice were sacrificed, and the right footpads were harvested. The mRNA expression levels of (A) VLA-1, (B) VLA-2, (C) VLA-3, (D) VLA-4, (E) VLA-5 and (F) VLA-6 were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs. control. VLA, very late antigen.

Article Snippet: Materials For the in vitro studies, sorafenib (Funakoshi, Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 20 mM (stock solution at −20°).

Techniques: Expressing, In Vivo, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Sorafenib treatment of metastatic melanoma with c-Kit aberration reduces tumor growth and promotes survival

doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.13089

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram of the effects of sorafenib on melanoma cells. Sorafenib inhibited c-Kit, PDGFR, VEGFR, B-Raf and c-Raf activation melanoma cells with c-Kit aberration. This subsequently suppresses tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, sorafenib may have potential clinical applications for the treatment of metastatic melanoma with c-Kit aberration. VLA, very late antigen; PDGFR, platelet derived growth factor receptor.

Article Snippet: Materials For the in vitro studies, sorafenib (Funakoshi, Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 20 mM (stock solution at −20°).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Derivative Assay

Journal: Cell Reports

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of cross-neutralizing coronavirus antibodies from COVID-19+ subjects

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109353

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neutralizing mAbs as pre-exposure prophylaxis in k18-hACE2 mice CV1-1, CV1-30, and CV2-75 were assessed to see whether they could confer protection in a mouse model. (A) Experimental timeline. (B) Number of PFUs in the lungs 2 days following challenge. Error bars indicate SD. (C) Viral RNA in lung tissue 2 days after challenge was measured by qPCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Error bars indicate SD. (D) Kaplan-Meyer survival curve of the viral load/titer in the lungs of remaining mice comparing the various treatment groups. Statistics were determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The following Taqman Primer/Probe sets (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used in this study: Gapdh (Mm99999915_g1).

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison

Journal: Cell Reports

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of cross-neutralizing coronavirus antibodies from COVID-19+ subjects

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109353

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: The following Taqman Primer/Probe sets (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used in this study: Gapdh (Mm99999915_g1).

Techniques: Virus, Infection, Recombinant, Affinity Column, Purification, Staining, Cloning, Cell Isolation, Transfection, Luciferase, Reverse Transcription, Gene Expression, Nested PCR, Sequencing, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Software, Microscopy